What Is JDK? End Users, Components, and Configuration Guide

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JDK (Java Development Kit)

The JDK (Java Development Kit) is a software package required to develop, compile, and run Java applications. It contains all the tools needed by developers and users to work with Java programs.

The JDK includes:
  • Java Compiler (javac)
  • Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
  • Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
  • Java libraries and development tools

End Users of JDK Software
1. Programmer

A programmer needs the JDK to perform the following tasks:

Writing Java programs (coding)
Compiling Java source code
Executing Java applications
For these tasks, the programmer must install JDK software, which provides:
Java Compiler – used for compilation
Java Libraries – used during coding and execution
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) – used for program execution
Without JDK, a programmer cannot develop Java applications.

2. Client

A client (end user) is required to only execute Java applications, not write or compile them.

For execution purposes, the client needs:

Java Libraries
JVM (Java Virtual Machine)
⚠️ Note: Technically, only JRE is required for execution, but installing JDK also includes JRE and JVM.

Configuration of JDK (Environment Variables)

To run Java programs from the command prompt, JDK must be properly configured.

Steps to Configure JDK in Windows

1. Right-click on This PC / Computer→ Click Properties
2. Click on Advanced system settings
3. Click on Environment Variables
4.Under System Variables, click on New
  • Variable Name: JAVA_HOME
  • Variable Value: Paste the path of the JDK installation directory
  • (Example: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-21)
  • Click OK
5. In System Variables, select Path→ Click Edit
6. Add a new entry:
  • Paste the bin folder path of the JDK
  • (Example: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-21\bin)
  • Click OK
7. Click OK on all open windows to save changes

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